Chapter 13 Back to Contents

 

Chapter 13 REFERENCES

Abe M, Iriki T, Tobe Nand Shibui H. 1981. Seques­tration of holotrich protozoa in the reticulo-rumen of cattle. Applied Environmental Microbiology 41: 758­765.

Abidin Z and Kempton T J. 1981. Effects of treatment of barley st.raw with anhydrous ammonia and supplmentation with heat-treat.ed protein meals on feed in­take and live weight. performance of growing lambs. A n­imal Ferd Scime< and Technology 6: 145-155.

Akin D E and Rigsby L L. 1985. Influence of phenolic acids on rumen fungi. Agronomy Journal 77: 180-182.

Akin D E Gordon, G L R and Hogan J P. 1983. Ru­men bacterial and fungal degradation of Digitaria pentzii grown with or without sulphur. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46: 738-748.

Alexander A G, Allison W, Garcia M, Rios C, Chu F L, Velez-Santiago J, Velez A and Ralnirez R. 1979. Production of Sugar Cane and Tropical Grasses as a Renewable Energy Source. 2nd Annual R.eport to US Department of Energy, Division of Solar Technology, Biomass Energy Systems Branch. Contract No. DE-AS05-7820071.

Allden W G. 1962. Rate of herbage intake and grazing time in relation t.o herbage availability. Proceeding. of the Au.lralian Society of Animal Production 4: 163-166.

Allden W G. 1970. The effects of nutritional deprivation on the subsequent productivity of sheep and cattle. Nutri­tion Ab.tract. and Rieuo. 40: 1167-1184.

Allen R D. 1982. Feedstuffs Analysis Table.Feedstuffs: Minneapolis. pp. 25-31.

Allen S and Miller E L. 1976. Determination of nitrogen requirements for microbial growth from the effect of urea supplementation of a low N diet on abomasal N flow and N recycling in wethers and lambs. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 36: 353-368.

Alvarez F J and Preston T R. 1976a. Leucaena leuco­ccphala as protein supplement for dual purpose milk and weaned calf production on sugar cane- based rations. Tropical A nimal Production 1: 112-119.

Alvarez F J and Preston T R. 1976b. Studies on urea utilization in sugar cane diets: Effect of level. Tropi­cal Animal Product.ion 1: 194-201.

Alvarez F J, Dixon R M and Preston T R. 1983. Am­monia requirements for rumen fermentation. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia.[D J Far­rell and Pran Vohra, Eds] University of New England, Armidale, Australia. p. 9A.

Alvarez F J, Wilson A and Preston T R. 1977. Sugar cane, molasses and restricted grass/legume grazing or unsupplemented grazing for milk and weaned calf pro­duction in a dual purpose herd during the wet season. Tropical A nimal Production 2: 219-222.

Alvarez F J, Wilson A and Preston T R. 1978.    Leuaena leucocephala as protein supplement for dual pur­pose milk and weaned calf production on sugar cane­based diets: Comparisons with rice polishings. Tropical A nimal Production 3: 51-55.

Alvarez F J, Saucedo G, Arriaga A and Preston T R. 1980. Effect on milk production and calf performance of milking crossbred European/Zebu cattle in the ab­sence or presence of the calf, and of rearing their calves artificially. Tropical Animal Production 5: 25-37.

Alvarez F J, Wilson A, Sutherland T M and Preston T R. 1976. Studies in urea utilization in sugar cane diets: Effect of different methods of incorpo­rating urea in the ration. Tropical A nimal Production 1: 186-193.

Andrews R P and 0rskov E R. 1970a. The nutrition of the early-weaned lamb I: The influence of protein cocentration and feeding level on rate of gain in body weight. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 75: 11-19.

Andrews R P and 0rskov E R. 1970b. The nutrition of the early-weaned lamb II: The effect of dietary protein concentration feeding level and sex on body composi­tion at two live weight.s. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 75: 19-27.

Annison E F and Armstrong D G. 1970. Volatile fatty acid metabolism and energy supply. Ill.: Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[A T Phillipson, Ed.] Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. pp. 422-437.

Annison E F and Linzell J L. 1964. The oxidation and 'ut.ilization of glucose and acetate by the mammary gland of the goat in relat.ion to their overall metabolism and to milk formation. Journal of Phy.iology (London) 175: 372-385.

ARC (Agricultural Research Council). 1980. Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. London.

Archer K A. 1980. Low productivity of lambs on improved pasture. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition.[D J Farrell, Ed.] University of New England, Armidale, Australia. pp. 20-27.

Armstrong D G and Blaxter K L. 1957a. The heat in­crement of steam-volatile fatty acids in fasting sheep. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 11: 247-272.

Armstrong D G and Blaxter K L. 1957b. The heat in­crement of mixtures of steam volatile fatty acids in fast­ing sh •. ep. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 11: 392-408.

Arnlstrong D G and Blaxter K L. 1984.   Maintenance requirement: Implications for its use in feed evaluation systems. In: Herbivore Nutrition in the Subtropics and Tropics. [F M C Gilchrist and R I Mackie, Eds] The Sci­ence Press, South Africa. pp. 631-647.

Arnlstrong D G, Blaxter K L, Grahalll N McC and Wainnlan T W. 1958. The utilisation of the energy of two mixtures of steam volatile fatty acids by fatten­ing sheep. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 40: 163-167.

Baile C A and Mayer J. 1970.    Hypothalamic centres: Feedbacks and receptor sites in the short-term control of feed intake. In: Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[A T Phillipson, Ed.] Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon- Tyne. pp. 254-263.

Baldwin R L. 1970. Energy metabolism in anaerobes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23: 11>08-1513.

Bamualim A, Weston R H, Hogan J F and Murray H M. 1984. The contributions of Leucaena leucocephala to post ruminal digestible protein for sheep fed tropical pasture hay supplemented with urea and minerals. Proceeding. of the A u.tralian Society of A ni­mal Production 15: 255-258.

Barger I A. 1982. Helminth parasites and animal produc­tion. In: Biology and Control of Endoparasites. [L E A Symons, A D Donald and J K Dineen, Eds] Academic Press, Sydney, Australia. pp. 133-155.

Barry TN. 1985. The role of condensed tannins in the nu­tritional value of Lotu. pedunculatu. for sheep. 3. Rates of body and wool growth. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 54: 211-217.

Barry T N and Manley T R. 1984.   The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotu. pedun­culatu. for sheep. 2. Quantitative digestion of carbohy­drates and proteins. Briti.h Journal of Nut,rition 51: 493-504.

Bartlett S and Broster W H. 1958, Feeding trials with ammoniated molasses in the diet of .young dairy cat­tle. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 50: 60-63.

Bassham J A. 1978. Photosynthetic productivity of trop­ical and temperate crops. Caribbean Consultancy on Energy and Agriculture, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, November 29.

Bauchop T. 1979. The rumen anaerobic fungi: Colonizers of plant fibre. Annal de Rccherch •• ViUrinairo 10: 246-248,

Bauchop T. 1980. Scanning electron microscopy in the study of microbial digestion of plant fragments in the gut. In: Contemporary Microbial Ecology. [B C Ell­wood, J W Hedger, M J Latham, M J Lynd and J H Slater, Eds] Academic Press, London. pp. 305-326.

Bauchop T. 1981. The anaerobic fungi in rumen fibre diges­tion. Agriculture and Environment 6: 339-348.

Bauchop T. 1985. Rumen anaerobic fungi and utilisation of fibrous feeds. In: Biotechnology and Recombinant. DNA Technology in the Animal Production Industries

in Australia.Reviews in Rural Science 6. [R A Leng, J S F Barker, D Adams and K Hutchinson, Eds] University of New England, Armidale, Australia. pp. 118-123.

Bauman D E and Davis C L. 1975. Regulation of lipid metabolism. In: Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[I W McDonald and A C I Warner, Eds] University of New England, Armidale, Australia. pp. 496-509.

Beever D E, Thomson D J, Pfeffer E and Armstrong D G. 1971. The effect of drying and en­siling grass on its digestion in the sheep. Sites of energy and carbohydrates digestion. Briti.h Journal of Nutri­tion 26: 123-134.

Beever D E, Ulyatt M J, Thonlson D J, Cammell S B, Austin A R and Spooner M C. 1980. Nutrient supply from fresh grass and clover fed to housed cattle. Proceeding. of the Nutrition Society 39: 66A.

Bell A W. 1980. Lipid metabolism in liver and selected tissues and in the whole body of ruminant animals, Progr ••• in Lipid ReHarch 18: 117-164.

Bell A W. 1984. In: Reproduction in Sheep.ID R Lindsay and D T Pearce, Eds] Australian Academy of Science: Canberra. pp. 144-152.

Belmar R and Riley J A. 1984.  Acid-base balance in young bulls fed ensiled sisal bagasse (Agave foureroy­d ). Tropical Animal Production 9: 151-156.

Bergman E N, Roe W E and Kon K. 1966. Quantita­tive aspects of propionate metabolism and gluconeoge­nesis in sheep. American Journal of Phy.iology 211: 793-799.

Beveridge R A and Leng R A. 1981. The effects of for­age on rumen fluid volume and outflow in cattle given molasses based diets. Tropical A nimal Production 6: 5-10.

Bines J A and Brown R E. 1968. Incorporation of car­bon from acetate and butyrate into milk components. Journal of Dairy Science 51: 698-705.

Bines J A and Hart I C. 1978. Hormonal regulation of the partition of energy between milk and body tissue in adult cattle. Proceeding. of the Nutrition Society 37: 281-287.

Bird S H. 1982. Studies on the relationship between rumen .'\. protozoa and production in sheep and cattle. PhD The­sis, Unjversity of New England, Arnudale, Australia.

Bird A R, Chandler K D and Bell A W. 1981. Effects of exercise and plane of nutrition On nutrient utilization by the lund limb of the sheep. A ,,,tralian Journal of Biological Science. 34: 541-550.

Bird SHand Dicko M. 1987. Cottonseed supplements for sheep. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition.[D J Farrell, Ed.] University of New England, Arnudale, Australia. pp. 80-88.

Bird SHand Leng R A. 1978. The efl'ects of defaunation of the rumen on the growth of cattle on low-protein high-energy diets, Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 49: 163­167.

Bird SHand Leng R A. 1984a. Absence of protozoa in the rumen and production of grazing sheep. Proceeding. of the A u.tralian Society of A nimal Production 15: 654.

Bird SHand Leng R A. 1984b. Further studies on the effects of the presence or absence of protozoa in the rumen on liveweight gain and wool growth of sheep. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 52: 607-611.

Bird SHand Leng R A. 1985. Productivity responses to eliminating protozoa from the rumen of sheep. In:

Biotechnology and Recombinant. DNA Technology in the Anima! Production Industries in Australia.Re­views in Rura! Science 6. [R A Leng. J S F Barker, D Adams and K Hut.chinson, Eds] Universit.y of New England, Armida!e, Australia. pp. 109-117.

Bird S H, Baigent D R, Dixon Rand Leng R A. 1978. Ruminal prot.ozoa and growth oflambs. Proceeing. of the A u.tralian Society of A nimal Production 12: 137.

Bird S H, Hill M K and Leng R A. 1979. The effects of defaunation of the rumen on the growth oflambs on low­prot.ein high-energy diets. Briti.h J ourn al of Nutrition 42: 81-87.

Black J L, Gill M, Beever D E, Thornley J H M and Oldham J D. 1987a. Simulation of the metabolism of absorbed energy-yielding nutrients in young sheep. I. Efficiency of ut.ilization of acetate. Journal of Nu­trition 117: 105-115.

Black J L, Gill M, Beever D E, Thornley J H M and Oldham J D. 1987b. Simulation of the metabolism of absorbed energy-yielding nutrients in young sheep. II. Efficiency of utilization of lipid. Journal of Nutri­tion 117: 116-128.

Blair G J, Ibrahim T, Rudolf Wand Bulo D. 1985. Grasslands of Indonesia and the effect of anima!s on their stability. Report to the Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Canberra.

Blaney B J, Gartner R J Wand Head T A. 1982. The effects of oxalate in tropical grasses on calcium, phosphorus and magnesium availability to cattle. Jour­nal of Agricultural S ciencc (Cambridge) 99: 533- 539.

Blaxter K L. 1962. The Energy Metabolism of Ruminants. Hutchinson, London.

Blaxter K L, Wainman F Wand Wilson R S. 1961. The regulation of food intake by sheep. A nimal Pro­duction 3: 51-6l.

Blockey M A de B. 1980. Testicle size in bulls. Proceed­ing. of thc A u.tralian Society of Animal Production 13: 52-53.

BorgstrOln G. 1980. The need for appropriate animal pro­duction systems for the tropics. In: Animal Production Systems for the Tropics. Publication No.8. Interna­tional Foundation for Science, Stockholm.

Botero R and Preston T R. 1987. Low-cost biodigestor for product.ion of fuel and fertilizer from animal excreta: A manual for its installation, operation and utilization. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Coopera­tion, ACP-EEC Convention of Rome. Ede- Wageningen  

Bray A C and Till A R. 1975. Metabolism of sulphur in the gastro-intestinal tract. In: Digestion and Meta­bolism in the Rum.inant.[I W McDonald and A C I Warner, Eds] University of New England, Armidale. A tlstralia. pp. 243-260.

Brooks C C, Garner G B, Gehrke C W, Muhrer M E and Pfander W H. 1954. The effect of added fat on digestion of cellulose and protein by ovine rumen organ­isms. Journal of A nimal Science 13: 758-764.

Brosh A, Choshniak I, Tadmor A and Shkolnik A. 1986. Infrequent drinking, digestive efficiency and par­ticle size of digesta in black Bedouin goats. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 106: 575-579.

Brown C M, MacDonald-Brown D S and Meers J L. 1974. Physiological aspects of microbial inorganic nitro­gen metabolism. A dvance. in Microbial Phy.iology 11: 1-52.

Butterworth M H. 1985. Beef Cattle Nutrition and Tropical Pastures.Longmans, London.

Byers F M. 1977. Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle. In: Livestock Feeds and Feeding.[0 C Church, Ed.] 0 and B Books, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 248-274.

Cabrera A G, Varo A G, Moreno J M, Bautista A M. and Garcia E A. 1987. Results obtained from straw treated with ammonia in Southern Spain. In: Methods of Evaluation of Straw in Ruminant Feed. Meeting held 2-4th June, 1987, Centre de Recherches Zoot.echniques et Veterinaires de Theix, INRA, France.

Campbell J B, White R G, Wright J E, Crookshank R and Clanton D C. 1977. Effects of stable flies on weight gains and feed efficiency of ca!ves on growing or finishing rations. Journal of Economic Entomology 70: 592-594.

Campling R C, Freer M and Balch C C. 1962. Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by cows. 3. The effect of urea on the voluntary intake of straw. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 16: 115-124.

Chabners A W. 1976. Advantages and disadvantages of no­madism with particular reference to the Republic of the Sudan. In: Beef Cattle Production in Developing Countries.[A J Smith, Ed.] University of Edinburgh. pp. 388-397.

Chalupa W. 1980. Chemical control of rumen microbial metabolism. In: Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[Y Ruckebusch and P Thivend, Eds] MTP Press, Lancaster. pp. 325-347.

Cheah P F and Kumar A R. 1984. Preliminary observa­tions on the performance of Sahiwal x Bo. tauru. dairy cattle. Malay.ian Veterinary Journal 16: 1-7.

Cheng K J, Hironaka R, Jones G A, Nicas T and Costerton J W. 1975. Frothy feedlot bloat in cattle:

Production of extracellular polysaccharides and devel­opment of viscosity in cultures of Streptococcu. bovi •. Canadian Journal of "lirrobiology 22: 450-459.

Cheng K J, Stewart C S, Dinsdale D and Costerton J W. 1984. Electron microscopy of bacte­ria involved in the digestion of plant cell walls. Animal Feed Science and Technology 10: 93-120.

Chesson A, Stewart C S and Wallace R J. 1982. Influ­ence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44: 597-603.

Chopping G D, Deans H D, Sibbick R, Thurbon P N. and Stoko J. 1970. Milk production from irrigated ni­trogen fertilised grass. Proceeding. of the A u.tralian Socicty of Animal Production 11: 481-484.

Clarke J, Preston T Rand Zalnora A. 1972. Molasses as an energy source in low-fibre diets for milk produc­tion. 2. Effect of varying the level of cerea! grain. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 6: 27-32.

Clarkson D J. 1984. Koroboya Goat Scheme.Tarva report, Government of Fiji.

Clatworthy J N and Holland D G E. 1979. Effects of legume reinforcement of veldt on the performance of beef steers. Proceeding. of the Gra •• land Society of South Africa 14: 111-114.

Clay A B and Satter L D. 1979.   Milk production response to dietary protein and methionine hydroxy­analog. Journal of Dairy Science 66 (Supplement 1): 75-76.

Cocimano M R. and Leng R. A. 1967.  Metabolism of urea in sheep. Briti$h Journal of Nutrition 21: 353­371.

Coleman G S. 1975. Interrelationship between rumen cil­iate protozoa and bacteria. In: Digestion and Meta­bolism in the Ruminant.[I W McDonald and A C I Warner, Eds) University of New England, Armidale, Australia. pp. 149-164.

Cook F, Brink D, Klopfenstein T, Merrill J, Stock R., and McDonnell M. 1982. Hydroxide treatment of corn cobs. Nebraska Beer Cattle Report.

Coolnbe J B. 1985. Rape and sunflower seed meals as sup­plements for sheep fed on oat straw. A u.tralian Journal of Agricultural ReHarch 36: 717-728.

Coppock C E, Flatt W P and Moore L A. 1964. Rela­tionships between end products of rumen fermentation and utilization of metabolisable energy for milk prodution. Journal of Dairy Science 47: 1359-1364.

Corbett J L, Langlands J P, McDonald I and Pullar J D. 1966. Comparison by direct. animal calorimetry of the net energy values of an early and a late season growth of herbage. A nimal Production 8: 13-27.

Creek M J, Squire H A and Mulder J. 1976.  Fresh sugar cane as a substitute for maize silage in beef cat­tle rations. World Review of Animal Production 12: 35-42.

Cridland S W. 1984. Studies on the flows ofpropiona.te car­bon to glucose in sheep. PhD Thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.

Cronje P B. 1987. Amino acid and energy metabolism in lambs fed roughage diets. PhD Thesis. University of New England, Armidale, Australia.

Cronje P B, Nolan J V and Leng R. A. 1987. Acetate clearance rate: an index of dietary glucogenic potential in ruminants. Proceeding$ of the South African Society of A nimal Production [in press].

Czerkawski J W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Dargie J D. 1980. The pathophysiological effects of gastrintestinal and liver parasites in sheep. In: Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants.IY Rucke­bush and P Thivend, Eds] MTP Press, Lancaster, UK. pp. 349-371.

Dash K M. 1984. Wormkill curbs most worm types wit.h less treatment.. Farm 5: 41-43.

Dash K M, Newman R. L and Hall E. 1985.    Recommendations to minimise selection for anthelmintic resis­tance in nemat.ode control programmes. In: Resistance in N emat.odes to Anthelmintic Drugs.[N Anderson and P J Walker, Eds] CSIRO, Australian Wool Corporation Technical Publication, Australia.

Davidson S. 1985. Wormkill: a strategic drenching pro­gram. Rural Rocarch (CSIRO Australia). 127: 17-20.

Davis C H, Saadullah M, Dolberg F and Haque M. 1983. Ammonia treatment of straw for cattle produc­tion in intensive agrarian agriculture. In: Maximum Livestock Production from Minimum Land.

[C H Davis, T R Preston, M Haque and M Saadullah, Eds) Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. pp. 1-25.

Delgardo A, Elias A, Veitia A L and Garcia A. 1979. The use of pasture for beef production. A. Poultry lit­ter/sunflower cake meal rations in the supplementation of bulls grazing Pangola grass during the dry season. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 265-272.

Demeyer D I, van Nevel C J and van de Voord G. 1982. The effects of defaunation on the growth of lambs fed three urea-containing diets. A rchiv fur Tier­erniihrung 32: 595-604.

Dimick P S, McCarthy R. D and Patton S. 1970. Milk fat synthesis. In: Physiology of Digestion and Meta­bolism in the Ruminant.[A T Phillipson, Ed.] Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon- Tyne. pp. 529-541.

Dolberg F. 1982. Political influences on the formation of livestock policies in India. In: Maximum Livestock Pro­duction from Minimum Land.[T R Preston, C H Davis, F Dolberg, M Haque and M Saadullah, Eds] Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. pp. 236-258.

Dolberg F. 1983. An analytical framework for livestock strategy in Bangladesh. In: Maximum Livestock Production from Minimum Land.Ie H Davis, T R Pre­ston, M Haque and M Saadullah, Eds) Bangladesh Agri­cultural University, Mymensingh. pp. 144-152.

Dolberg F, Saadullah M, Haque M and Haque R.. 1981. Straw treatment. in a village in Noakhali district, Bangladesh. In: Maximum Livestock Production from Minimum Land.1M G Jackson, F Dolberg, C H Davis, M Haque and M Saadullah, Eds] Bangladesh Agricul­tural University, Mymensingh. pp.205-224.

Dougherty R. W, M ullenox CHand Allison M J. 1964. Physiological phenomena associated with erutation in ruminants. In: Physiology of Digestion in the Ruminant.IR W Dougherty, Ed.] Butterworths, Lodon.

Duarte F, Elliott R. and Preston T R.. 1982. Fattening cattle with sugar cane juice: Effect of the conservation of the juice with ammonia and the use of Leucacna leu­fOcephala as a source of protein and forage. Tropical A nimal Production 7: 169-173.

Duarte F, Elliott R. and Preston T R.. 1981. Sugarcane juice as cattle feed: supplementatioll with Leucaena and fish meal. Tropical A nimal Production 6: 372.

Duarte F, Mena A, Elliott R. and Preston T R.. 1981. A note on the utilisation of aqueous ammonia as a preservative for sugar calle juice in ruminant diets. Tropical A nimal Production 6: 257-260.

Dukes H H. 1977. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. [M J. Swenson, Ed.] Cornell University Press, London.

Duncan W R. H, 0rskov E R., Frazer C and

Garton G A. 1974. Effect of processing of dietary bar­ley and of supplementary cobalt and cyanocobalamin on the fatty acid composition of lamb triglycerides, with special reference t.o branched chain components. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 32: 71-75.

Eadie M J and Gill J C. 1971. The effect of the absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on growing lambs fed on a roughage-concentrat.e diet. Briti$h Journal of Nutrition 26: 155-167.

Edwards P, Weber K E, McCoy E W, Chantachaeng C, Pacharaprakiti C, Kaewpai­tOOI1 K and Nitsmer S. 1983. Small-scale Fishery Project in Pathumthani Province, Central Thailand: A Socio-economic and Technological Assessment of Status and Potential.Research Report No. 158. Asian Insti­tute of Technology, Bangkok. pp. 1-256.

Edwin E E, Markson L M, Shreeve J, Jackman R and Carroll P J. 1979. Diagnostic aspects of cerebrcortical necrosis. Veterinary Record 104 (1): 4-8.

Egan A R. 1965. Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep IV: The influence of protein supplements upon acetate and propionate tolerance of sheep fed on low quality chaffed oaten hay. A u.tralian Journal of Agri­eultm'al Reuarch 16: 473-483.

EI Hag G A and Miller T B. 1972. Evaluation of whis­key distillery by-products: Reduction in digestibility of malt distillers grains by fatl.y acids and the interaction with calcium and other reversal agents. Journal of the Sciener of Food and Agriculturc 23: 247-258.

Elliot J M, Hogue D E, Myers G Sand Loosli J K. 1965. Effect of acetate and propionate on the utiliza­tion of energy by growing-fattening lambs. Journal of Nutrition 87: 233-238.

Elliot J M and Loosli J K. 1959. rlelationship of milk' production efficiency to the relative proportions of the rumen volatile fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Scicnce 42( 5): 843-848.

Elliott R, Ferreiro H M, Priego A and Preston T R. 1978a. Rice polishings as a supplement in sugar cane diets: The quantities of starch (glucose polymers) en­tering the pro,umal duodenum. Tropical A nimal Pro­duction 3: 30-35.

Elliott R, Ferreiro H M, Priego A and Preston T R. 1978b. Estimate of the quantity of feed protein escaing degradation in the rumen of steers fed chopped sugar cane, molasses/urea supplemented with varying quanti­ties of rice polishings. Tropical A nimal Production 3: 36-39.

Esnaola M A and Rios C. 1985. Hojas de 'Poro' (Ery­thrina poeppigiana) como suplemento proteico para cabras lactantes. Tropical Animal Production [in press].

Evans L T. 1983. Photosynthetic activity and partitioning. In: Chemistry and World Food Supplies: The New Frontiers.[W Shemilt, Ed.) Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 621-631.

Faichlley C J. 1969. Production of volatile fatty acids in the sheep caecum. A u.tralian Journal of Agricultural Rcuarch 20: 491-498.

Falvey J L. 1982. The effect of infrequent administration of urea on rumen ammonia and serum level of cattle consuming rice straw. Tropical A nimal Production 7: 209-212.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 1980. FAO Production Yearbook. FAO, Rome.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 1986. Better Utilization of Crop Residues and By-products in Animal Feeding: Research Guidelines.2. A practical manual for research workers. (Prepared by T R Pre­ston). FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 50/2.

Fattet I, Hovell F D DeB, 0rskov E R, Kyle D J, Pennie K and Snlart R 1. 1984. Undernutrition in sheep. The effect of supplementation with protein on protein accretion. Briti.h Journal of Nutrition 52: 561­574.

Fauconneau G and Michel M C. 1970. The role of the gastro-intestinal tract in the regulation of protein metabolism. In: Mammalian Protein Metabolism. [H N Munro, Ed.] Academic Press, New York. pp. 481­522.

Ferguson K A. 1975. The protection of dietary proteins and amino acids against microbial fermentation in the ru­men. In: Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[I W McDonald and A C I Warner, Eds] University of New England, Armidale, Australia. pp. 448-464.

Fernandez A and Hovell F D DeB. 1978. The rumen degradation of rice and cane fibre in animals eating sugar cane or molasses. Tropical A nimal Production 3: 169 (abstract).

Fernandez A and Hughes-Jones M. 1981. Rumen fer­mentation and function in bulls receiving a basic diet of molasses/urea supplemented with poultry litter, sweet potato forage or wheat bran. Tropical Animal. Produc­tion 6: 360 (abstract).

Fernandez A, Hughes-Jones M and Preston T R. 1981. Pseudostems of bananas as the basic diet for cat­tle: Effect of supplements of high quality forage and pro­tein concentrate. Tropical A nimal Production 6: 370 (abstract) .

Fernandez A, MacLeod N A and Preston T R. 1977. Production coefficients in a dual purpose herd managed for milk and weaned calf production. Tropical A nimal Production 2: 44-48.

Ferreiro H M and Preston T R. 1976. Fattening cattle with sugar cane: The effect of different proportions of stalk and tops. Tropical Animal Product.ion 1: 178-185.

Ferreiro H M, Preston T R and Sutherland T M. 1977. Investigation of dietary limitations on sugar cane­based diets. Tropical A nimal Production 2: 56-61.

Ferriero H M, Priego A, Lopez J, Preston T R and Leng R A. 1979. Glucose metabolism in cattle given sugar cane based diets supplemented with varying quantities of rice polishings. Briti.h Journal of Nutri­tion 42: 341-347.

Ffoulkes D and Preston T R. 1978a. The banana plant as cattle feed: Digestibility and voluntary intake of dif­ferent proportions of leaf and pseudo-stem. Tropical Animal Production 3: 114-117.

Ffoulkes D and Preston T R. 1978b. Cassava or sweet potato forage as combined sources of protein and roughage in molasses based diets: Effect of supplemen­ta.tion wid, soybean meal. Tropical A nimal Production 3: 186-192.

Ffoulkes D, Elliott R and Preston T R. 1980. Feasibiity of using pressed sugar cane stalk for the production of charcoal. Tropical A nimal Production 5: 125-129.

Ffoulkes D, Sutherland T M and Leng R A. 1984. Molasses as an energy source for cattle. Proceeding. of the Au.tralial1 Society of Anim.al Produet.ion 15: 678.

Foster A H. 1982. Beef production from spear grass pas­tures of south-east Queensland with special reference to Leucaena leucocephala, molasses/urea and protein meals as nit.rogen supplements. M Rur Sci Thesis, Uni­versity of New England, Armidale, Australia.

Fourie P C, Grey J Hand Louw G N. 1964. The effect of lugh ambient temperature on the water metabolism of Afrikaner and Shorthorn cattle. Proceeding. South African Socief.y of Anim.al Production 3: 150-154.

Frisch J E and Vercoe J E. 1979. Adaptive and produc­tive features of cattle growth in the tropics: Their reevance to buffalo production. Tropical A nimal Prodution 4: 214-228.

Gardiner M R. 1977. Cobalt in Ruminant Nutrition: A Review.Technical Bulletin 36. Department of Agricul­ture, Perth, Western Australia.

Gaya H, Delaitre C and Preston T R. 1977. Effect of rest.ricted suckling and bucket feeding on the growth rate of calves and on m.ilk yield. Tropical A nimal Pro­duction 2: 284-287.

Gaya H, Hulman B and Preston T R. 1981. Leucaena as a source of protein and roughage for milking cows given high levels of molasses/urea. Tropical Animal Production 6: 189.

Gaytan T, Zamora F and Shinlada A S. 1977. Glycerol as a protective agent against molasses intoxication in beef cattle. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Rfoearch 11: 29-37.

Geenty K G, Smith M C and Bartley K. 1987. Effects  of varying levels of dietary protein on lamb growth rate and carcass composition. Proceedings of the 4th AAAP Animal Science Congress. [T F Reardon, J L Adam, A G Campbell and R M W Sumner, Eds] Hamilton, New Zealand. p. 360.

Gill G C and Sultana W. 1982. Women's role in small farm resource management: A case study in Joydebpur. Bangladesh. In: Maximum Livestock Production from Minimum Land.[T R Preston, C H Davis, F Dolberg, M Haque and M Saadullah. Eds] Bangladesh Agricul­tural University, Mymensingh. pp. 34-57.

Gill M and England P. 1984. Effect of degradability of protein supplements on voluntary intake and nitrogen retention in young cattle fed grass silage. A nimal Pro­duction 39: 31-36.

Glade M J. 1983. Nutrition and performance of racing thooughbreds. Equine Vet<rinary Journal. 15: 31-36.

Glass R L, Troolin H A and Jenness R. 1967.  Comparative biochemical studies of milks. IV. Constituent fatty acids of milk fats. Comparative Biochemi.try and Phy.iology 22: 415-425.

Goering H K and Waldo D R. 1974. Processing effects on protein utilization by rununants. In: Proceedings of the 1974 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Gordon F J. 1980. Feed input-nulk output relationships in the spring-calving dairy cow. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition.[W Haresign, Ed.] Butterworths, London. pp. 15-31.

Grace N D. [Ed] 1983. The Mineral Requirements of Grazing Rununants; a Review. Occasional Publications 9. New Zealand Society of Animal Production.

Graham N McC. 1983. Feeding standards: An outmoded concept in ruminant nutrition. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia.[D J Farrell and Pran Vohra, Eds] University of New England, Armidale, Aus­tralia. pp. 184-191.

Graham N McC and Searle T W. 1972a. Balances of energy and matter in growing sheep at several ages, body weights and planes of nutrition. A u.tralian Jour­nal of Agricultural Rejfarch 23: 97-108.

Graham N McC and Searle T W. 1972b.    Growth in sheep. II. Efficienc)' of energy and nitrogen utilization from birth to two years. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 79: 383-389.

Graham N McC and Searle T W. 1979. Studies of weaned lambs before, during and after a period of weight loss. 1. Energy and nitrogen utilization. A u.­tralian Journal of Agricultural Rejfarch 30: 513-523.

Gulbransen B. 1985. Survival feeding of cattle with mO­lasses. 1. Feeding non-pregnant heifers with molasses plus urea and roughage. A u.tralian Journal of Experi­mental Agriculture 25: 1-3.

Gutierrez E and Elliott R. 1984. Interaccion digestiva de la pulpa de henequen (Agave fourcroyde.) y el pasto es­trella de Africa (Cynodon pleeto.tachyu.). In: Alternativas y Valor Nutritivo de Algunos Recursos Alimenticios Destinados a Produccion Animal.Informe Provisional No. 16. Fundacion Int.ernacional para la Ciencia, St.ockholm. pp. 229-246.

Hagemeister H, Lupping Wand Kaufman W. 1980 Microbial prot.ein synthesis and digestion in the high­yielding dairy cow. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition.[W Haresign, Ed.] Butterworths, London. pp. 67-84.

Haque M E and Fraser G C. 1982. Anthelmintic treat­ment in calves grazing a Pabna Bathan. In: Maximum Livestock Production from Minimum Land.[T R Pre­ston, C H Davis, F Dolberg, M Haque and M Saadullah, Eds] Bangladesh AgricuJtural University, Mymensingh. pp. 198-200.

Hardwick D C, Linzell J L and Price S M. 1961. The effect of glucose and acetate on milk secretion by the perfused goat udder. Biochemi.try Journal 80: 37-45.

Harfoot C G, Crouchman M L, Noble R C and Moore J H. 1974. Competition between food partcles and rumen bacteriain the uptake oflong chain fatty acids and triglycerides. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 37: 633-641.

Harrison D G. 1984. Sisal by-products as feed for rumi­nants. World Animal Review 49: 25-31.

Harrison D G, Beever D E and Thomson D J. 1972. Estimation of food and microbial protein in duodenal digesta. Proceeding. of theNutrition Socicty 31: 60A.

Harrison D G, Beever D E and Thomson D J. 1974. The effect. of dilution rate upon fermentation in the rumen. .P,·occeding. of the Nutrition Society 33: 43A.

Hartmann P E. 1969. In: Lactogenesis.[M Reynolds and S J Folley, Eds] Universit.y of Pennsylvannia Press, Philadelphia. pp. 97-104.

Hartmann P E and Kronfeld D S. 1973Mammary blood flow and glucose uptake in lactating cows given dexamethasone. Journal of Dairy Science 56: 896-908.

Hawke J C. 1973. Lipids. In: Chenustry and Biochemistry of Herbage.[G W Butler and R W Bailey, Eds] Aca­demic Press, London. pp. 213-264.

Heinemann W Wand van Keuren R W. 1958. A com­parison of grass-legume mixtures and grass under ir­rigation as pasture for sheep. Agronomy Journal 50: 189-192.

Hennessy D W. 1984. The role of protein in improving pro­duction of cattle grazing native pastures in sub-tropical New South Wales. PhD Thesis, University of New Eng­land, Armidale, Australia.

Isaacson H R, Hinds F C, Bryant M P and Owens F N. 1975. Efficiency of energy utilization by mixed rumen bacteria in continous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 58: 1645-1659.

Jackson M G. 1977. The alkali treatment of straws. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2: 105-130.

Hodges J. 1985. Strategies for dairy cattle improvement in tropical countries. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Milk Production in Developing Countries.Held in Edinburgh, British Society of Animal Production

Jackson M G. 1978. Treating Straw for Animal Feeding. Animal Production and Health Paper No. 10. FAO Rome.

Hennessy D W. 1986. Supplementation to ameliorate lac­tational anoestrus in first-calf heifers grazing nati ve pas­tures in the subtropics. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16: 227-230.

Hennessy D W, Williamson P J, Lowe R and Baigent D R. 1981. The role of protein supplements in nutrition of young grazing cattle and their subsequent. productivity. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cam­bridge) 96: 205-212.

Herbein J H, van Maanen R W, McGillard A and Young J W. 1978. Rumen propionate and blood glu­cos" kinetics in grazing cattle fed isoenergetic diets. Journal of Nutrition 108: 994-1001.

Herrera F. 1984. Evaluacion de diferentes niveles de Lecaena leucocephala en dietas basadas en melaza/urea, con y sin gallinaza, en la engorda de novillos. In: Alternativas y Valor Nutritivo de Algunos Recursos Alimenticios Destinados a Produccion Animal.Informe Provisional No. 16. Fundacion Internacional para la Ciencia, Stockholm. pp. 199-204.

Hespell R B. 1979. Efficiency of growth by ruminal bacte­ria. Federation Proceedings 38: 2707-2712.

Hill K J. 1961. The abomasum. Annotations 7: 83-106.

Holroyd R G, Allen P J and O'Rourke P K. 1977. Ef­fect of past.ure type and supplementary feeding on the reproductive performanc" of ca!.tle in the dry tropics of north Queensland. Australian Journal of Ezperimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 17: 197-206.

Holroyd R G, Hirst D J, Merrifield A Wand Toleman M A. 1984. The effect of spraying for Buf­falo fly (H aematobia irritans ezigua) on infestations, growth rate and lesion development of Bos indicus x B. taurus cattle in the dry tropics of north Queensland. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 35: 595­608.

Houpt T R. 1970. Transfer of urea and ammonia to the rumen. In: Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant.[A T Phillipson, Ed.) Oriel Press, Newcastl,,-upon-Tyne. pp. 119-131.

Hubbert F Jr, Cheng E and Burroughs W. 1958. Mineral requirement of rUlllen micro-organisnls for cel­lulose digestion in vitro. Journal of A nimal Science 17: 559-568.

Hulman B and Preston T R. 1981.  Leucaena leuco«phala as a source of protein for growing animals fed whole sugar cane and urea. Tropical Animal Production 6: 318-321.

Hulman B, Delaitre C and Preston T R. 1978.  Leucaena leucocephala as a combined source of true protein and roughage in fat.tening of cattle with high levels of molassesl urea. Tropical A nimal Production 3: 1-8.

Hume I D. 1970. Synthesis of microbial protein in the ru­men III: The effect of dietary protein. Australian J our­nal of Agricultural Research 21: 305-314.

Hungate R E. 1960. Symposium: Selected topics in m.icro­bial ecology. I. Microbial ecology of the rumen. Bacte­riological Reviews 24: 353-364.

Hungate R E. 1966. The Rumen and its Microbes.Aca­demic Press, New York.

Hungate R E. 1975. The rumen microbial ecosystem. Anual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6: 39-66.

Hunter R A and Vercoe J E. 1984. The role of urea in the nutrition of ruminants fed low quality roughage dets. Outlook on Agriculture 13(3): 154-159.

IFE. 1984. Effects of foliage from Gliricidia Hpium on the feed intake of goats fed a basal diet of Guinea grass. Unpublished report, University of Ife, Ife.

Ikhatua U J, Ehoche 0 Wand Umoh J E. 1985. Ef­fects of restricted water on feed intake, nutrient utiliztion and nitrogen metabolism in Zebu cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 105: 463-467

ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa). 1983. ILCA Annual Report. ILeA, Addis Ababa.

Ingle D I, Bauman D E and Garrrigus U S. 1972. Li­pogenesis in the ruminant: In vivo site of fatty acid synthesis in sheep. Journal of Nutrition 102: 617-624.

Jackson M G. 1980. Who needs feeding standards? Animal Feed Science and Technology 6: 101-104.

Jackson M G. 1981. A new livestock development strategy for India. World Animal Review 37: 2-8.

Jarrett I G and Filsell 0 H. 1960. The effect of diet on acetate tolerance in sheep. A ustralian Journal of Ez­perimental Biology and Medical Science 38: 347-353.

Jarrett I G, Filsell 0 H and Ballard F J. 1976Utilization of oxidisable substrates by the sheep hind limb: Effects of starvation and exercise. Metabolism 25: 523­531.

J ayasuriya MeN. 1985. Potential for the better utiliza­tion of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in animal feeding in the Indian sub-continent. In: Better Utilization of Crop Residues and Byproducts in Animal Feeding. 1. State of knowledge. [T R Preston, Vappu L Kossila, J Godwin and S BReed, Eds) FAa, Ro